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  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    system for monitoring oil level and detecting leaks in power transformers, reactors, current and potential transformers, high voltage bushings and the like refers to a system that uses sensors and other electronic components to measure and measure real-time monitoring of transformers and related equipment, filled with insulating oil, with greater precision and without the need to use buoys or moving mechanical parts, while presenting numerous facilities in order to make level monitoring more reliable and safe, with emphasis for level error calculations, alarm for oil leak detection, detection of excess oil during the equipment filling process and calculation of trends in level evolution, among other facilities.
    公开号:BR112012016353B1
    申请号:R112012016353
    申请日:2010-12-20
    公开日:2020-02-04
    发明作者:Pedrosa Santos Eduardo
    申请人:Pedrosa Santos Eduardo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS
    BRIEF PRESENTATION [001] This present Patent Application for an unprecedented “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE AND CONGENIUM BUSHINGS”; notably from a system that uses sensors and other electronic components to measure and monitor real-time transformers and related equipment, filled with insulating oil, with greater precision and without the need to use floats or moving mechanical parts, while features numerous facilities in order to make level monitoring more reliable and safe, with emphasis on level error calculations, oil leak detection alarm, detection of excess oil during the equipment filling process and trend calculation level evolution, among other facilities.
    BRIEF INTRODUCTION [002] Power transformers and reactors are equipment widely used in medium, high and extra-high voltage electric power generation, transmission and distribution systems. These devices often use some type of oil as an insulating and heat-removing medium, which can be mineral (derived from petroleum), vegetable (obtained from soy, sunflower or other) or silicone, for example.
    [003] The transformers and reactors have copper windings that receive a bandage of paper around them. The entire active part - composed of core and windings - is then immersed in the insulating oil, in order to impregnate the paper and thus guarantee the electrical insulation of the set, in addition to providing cooling of the windings by circulating the oil in heat radiators .
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 9/31
    2/12 [004] Thus, it is essential for the safe operation of the equipment that the active part is permanently immersed in the insulating oil. However, temperature variations during the operation of the equipment, due to both the variation of the ambient temperature and the heating caused by the electric current, cause the expansion and contraction of the oil, therefore varying its volume and causing its level to increase and decrease.
    [005] To ensure that the active part is permanently immersed in the insulating oil in all operating conditions, the transformer or reactor is equipped with an oil expansion tank, also called a conservative tank, installed above the main equipment tank and interconnected to this by a pipe. The function of the conservative tank is to provide space for the oil level to vary inside, rising when the temperature increases and decreasing when it decreases. The volume of the conservative tank is calculated in such a way that the main tank, where the active part is, will always be completely filled with oil, even at the lowest temperature, and the oil will never overflow outside, even at the highest expected temperature.
    [006] Therefore, given the importance of the oil level for the safe operation of the equipment, it is necessary that it be continuously measured, in order to promptly detect the occurrence of a level below the minimum tolerated, thus preventing a short circuit due to lack of oil in the active part, in addition to alerting the contamination of the environment with oil due to an eventual leakage. Similarly, the oil level measurement allows the detection of a higher than expected level, due to the filling of the equipment with excess oil, for example, alerting to the risk of overflowing and contamination of the environment.
    [007] In modern transformers and reactors the expansion tank is also equipped with a membrane or rubber bag that prevents direct contact of the oil with the air, without, however, preventing the variation of the oil level, since the membrane or bag is flexible, going up and down following the oil level. The upper part of the membrane or rubber bag is in contact with the external environment by means of an air tubing and an air dehumidifying device. This
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 10/31
    In this way, pressure or vacuum is avoided inside the equipment tank due to the expansion or contraction of the oil.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE [008] In the current state of the art, the oil level measurement system consists of an oil level indicator that operates by means of a float located at the bottom of the membrane or rubber bag, in a way that the float rises and falls following the movement of the membrane or bag, which in turn accompanies the increase or decrease in the oil level. The float is attached to the oil level indicator by means of a rod that moves a mechanism, which in turn activates the pointer, indicating the current oil level on a graduated scale.
    [009] Such an arrangement can be seen, for example, in US Patents 7,191,648 and 6,708,562.
    [010] When the oil level reaches critical conditions, such as low, very low, high or very high, the movement of the mechanism causes the closing of one or more electrical contacts, which are used to trigger a visual or audible alarm in the installation control room.
    [011] The state of the art of the oil level indication system has some disadvantages that are observed in practice, namely:
    * As it is a system with mechanical drive, it is subject to the occurrence of failures of a mechanical nature, such as the jamming of the mechanism; * To prevent the occurrence of mechanical failures, it is necessary to carry out preventive maintenance for lubrication, for example;
    * With the movement of the oil level up and down, the rubber of the membrane or bag may show ripples or folds in which the float can become entangled and get stuck, causing an inaccurate indication of the oil level;
    * In extreme cases, the fact described in the previous item can cause the float and / or its rod to cause the membrane or bag to perforate, putting the oil in contact with oxygen and moisture in the air and causing accelerated aging of the insulating paper windings by oxidation and hydrolysis;
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    4/12 * Leak detection may not be carried out immediately, as the loss of oil to the environment can be masked by the level increase due to an increase in temperature, so that the low level alarm contacts only will be triggered after a considerable volume of oil has been released into nature;
    * Similarly, the detection that the transformer has been filled with oil beyond what is necessary may not be carried out immediately, since the existence of excess oil can be masked by reducing the level due to the low temperature when the transformer is off . In this way, the alarm contacts will only be activated some time after the transformer is energized, when the oil temperature rises, causing a forced shutdown of the equipment to remove oil or the spillage of excess oil in nature.
    OF THE NEW INVENTION [012] Aware of the state of the art, its inconveniences and limitations, the inventor, a person active in the segment under study, after studies and research, created the “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS , REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENERES ”in question, which makes it more reliable to measure and monitor in real time the oil level in transformers and similar equipment filled with insulating oil without using floats and parts mechanical, supplying the current deficiencies with regard to the drawbacks abundantly illustrated in the state of the art.
    ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION [013] The claimed oil level monitoring system has the following advantages over the state of the art:
    * By not having moving mechanical parts, the problems associated with mechanical failures and maintenance needs are eliminated;
    * As there is no float or other parts in contact with the membrane or rubber bag, the risk of the level measurement system causing damage or perforation of them is eliminated;
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 12/31
    5/12 * Greater precision in oil level measurement, as it does not use a mechanical system; * Possibility of integration with other protection or monitoring equipment already existing in the transformer or reactor, such as the gas relay and temperature monitor, reducing costs and facilitating installation and maintenance;
    * Better monitoring of any oil leaks, allowing them to be detected even before the oil level reaches the minimum limit value. With this, it provides less risk of failure to the transformer or reactor and reduction of the environmental impact in case of leakage;
    * Allows the detection of filling the transformer or reactor with excess oil, even if the oil level does not reach the maximum limit value due to the low temperature. [014] Next, the invention will be explained in detail through the drawings listed below:
    Figure 1 - Schematic view of the new system applied to a transformer;
    Figure 2 - Schematic view of the new system applied to a transformer with an added gas relay;
    Figure 3 - Schematic view of the new invented monitoring system invented invented monitoring applied to a transformer with only one or two temperature sensors in the main tank;
    Figure 4 - Electrical diagram indicating the measurement and oil level indication without the availability of the auxiliary supply voltage.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION [015] THE “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND DETECTION OF LEAKS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS,
    CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH BUSHINGS
    TENSION AND CONGENIENTS ”, notably the measurement and monitoring of the insulating oil level of transformers and similar equipment, using an oil level monitor (24A, 24B) to which a pressure sensor (21) is connected to measure the pressure of the column oil tank (6), and a temperature sensor (22), arranged to measure the oil temperature (6) inside the expansion tank (4), being
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 13/31
    6/12 that the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the height of the oil column, which corresponds to the oil level, from the oil pressure and taking into account the change in oil density with temperature, obtaining accurately and indicating the oil level (6) on the display (25).
    [016] The system claimed, as shown in figure 1, consists of an electronic pressure sensor (21) installed in an access opening (20), which normally already exists at the bottom of the expansion tank (4) for your emptying. The sensor (21) measures the oil pressure (6) in the access opening (20) in relation to atmospheric pressure. As the air (10) inside the expansion tank (4) is also at atmospheric pressure, through the pipe (8), the pressure measured by the sensor (21) is equivalent to the pressure of the oil column (6) in the expansion tank (4). Therefore, the measurement of the pressure sensor (21) is proportional to the oil level (6), which allows the measurement of the level without the use of floats or any mechanical parts.
    [017] The signals (23) of the measurements of the pressure (21) and temperature (22) sensors are then taken to a level monitor (24A) located on the control panel (19) of the transformer or to a level monitor (24B) located in the expansion tank (4), adjacent to the pressure and temperature sensors (21, 22), being able to form a mechanical unit with them.
    [018] As shown in Figure 2, the gas relay (32), also called Buchholz relay, is installed in the interconnection piping (5) between the transformer tank (1) and the expansion tank (4). The gas relay (32) allows oil (6) to pass through it, in order to collect any gas bubbles present in the oil. Because the gas relay (32) has direct contact with the oil (6) and is installed close to the expansion tank (4), the oil level monitor (24C) can be integrated with the gas relay (32) , with the pressure sensor (21) installed inside the gas relay (32) and in contact with the oil, as well as the temperature sensor (22).
    [019] With the information from the pressure sensors (21) and oil temperature (22) in the tank (4), the level monitor (24A, 24B) corrects the measured pressure value considering the change in oil density (6 ) with its temperature, obtaining
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 14/31
    7/12 thus the correct height of the oil column (6) and, consequently, the exact oil level (6), which is indicated on the level monitor display (25) (24A, 24B). The display (25) can show the oil level information both in numerical form and in the form of bar graph (bar graph), in order to allow easy viewing from a distance.
    [020] The level monitor allows the user to program lower and upper limit values for the oil level. If the level is lower than the lower limit, the level monitor generates a low oil level alarm. Similarly, if the level is higher than the upper limit, the level monitor generates a high oil level alarm. The generated alarms can trigger one or more electrical alarm contacts (26), according to the selection. of contacts (26) previously programmed by the user for each of the individual alarms, which can be used by the user to trigger a visual or audible alarm in the installation's control room (not shown).
    [021] As already explained, the expansion and contraction of the insulating oil occurs due to changes in its temperature, so that, if there are no leaks, the oil level (6) in the expansion tank (4) will be determined by the temperature of oil along the height of the transformer tank (1). As the oil temperature (6) changes at each different point along the height of the tank (1), the level monitoring system described has several temperature sensors (27A, 27B, 27C), in varying numbers, distributed along the height of the tank (1), which are connected to inputs of the oil level monitor (24A, 24B). In possession of these temperature measurements, the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the temperature distribution over the entire tank (1) of the transformer, even in places where there are no temperature sensors installed, by interpolation and / or extrapolation using mathematical functions that can be selected from linear, polynomial and exponential types, among others. With the distribution of temperatures along the tank (1), the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the expansion or contraction of the oil (6) along the tank (1), obtaining the expected oil level as a result in the expansion tank (4).
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 15/31
    8/12 [022] Since the installation of a large number of oil temperature sensors (27A, 27B, 27C) along the transformer tank (1) may be impractical in practice, the level monitor (24A, 24B) allows the installation of only 2 oil temperature sensors, at different heights of the tank (1), then calculating the temperatures at the intermediate heights between the sensors by interpolation and calculating the temperatures above the upper sensor (27A) and below the sensor (27C) by extrapolation. The mathematical functions of interpolation and extrapolation used by the level monitor can be selected from linear, polynomial and exponential types, among others.
    [023] In applications where only a temperature sensor (27A) is available at the top of the oil in the transformer tank (1), as shown in Figure 3, the level monitor (24A) can perform the temperature calculation at the bottom the tank (1) from the temperature measurement of the available sensor (27A), the current flowing through the transformer, measured through a current transformer (31), and the characteristics of the radiators (28) of the transformer cooling system , thus obtaining a “virtual temperature sensor” (27V) at the bottom of the tank (1). With information from the real temperature sensor (27A) and the “virtual sensor” (27V), the mathematical interpolation processes already described can be used to interpolate and extrapolate temperatures along the height of the tank (1). This possibility is especially interesting when considering that the oil temperature measurement (27A) at the top of the tank (1) and the current transformer (31) are already available on the temperature monitors (29) that normally equip power transformers, which allows the integration, in the same monitoring system (30), of the functions of the oil level monitor (24A) and the temperature monitor (29) of the transformer.
    [024] The oil level monitor (24A, 24B) then calculates the difference between the actual oil level, obtained from the pressure (21) and temperature (22) sensors, and the expected oil level, calculated at from the temperature sensors (27A, 27B, 27C) in the tank (1), this difference being called Level Error. The level monitor allows the user to program lower and upper limit values for the Level Error.
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    9/12 [025] If the Level Error is less than the lower limit, the level monitor generates a low oil level alarm. Similarly, if the Level Error is greater than the upper limit, the level monitor generates a high oil level alarm. The generated alarms can trigger one or more electrical alarm contacts (26), according to the selection of contacts (26) previously programmed by the user for each of the alarms individually.
    [026] Since the Level Error is subject to fluctuations over time, caused by the inaccuracies inherent in the sensors (21, 22, 27A, 27B, 27C), the level monitor calculates the moving average of the Level Error in a user-adjustable time window. The result obtained is called Medium Level Error. The level monitor allows the user to program lower and upper limit values for the Medium Level Error. If the Medium Level Error is less than the lower limit, the level monitor generates a low oil level alarm. Similarly, if the Medium Level Error is greater than the upper limit, the level monitor generates a high oil level alarm. [027] The generated alarms can cause the activation of one or more electrical contacts (26) for alarm, according to the selection of contacts (26) previously programmed by the user for each of the alarms individually.
    [028] Alternatively, in possession of the temperature distribution along the height of the tank (1), obtained by the described interpolation and extrapolation processes, the level monitor (24A, 24B) continuously calculates what the oil level would be in the expansion tank (4) if the oil was at a uniform temperature and equal to a reference temperature programmed by the user, for example, 25 ° C, this result being called the Standardized Level. The level monitor allows the user to program lower and upper limit values for the Standardized Level. If the Standardized Level is less than the lower limit, the level monitor generates a low oil level alarm. Similarly, if the Standardized Level is greater than the upper limit, the level monitor generates a high oil level alarm. [029] The generated alarms can cause one or more electrical alarm contacts (26) to be triggered, according to the selection of contacts (26) previously programmed by the user for each of the alarms individually.
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 17/31
    10/12 [030] Since the Standardized Level is subject to fluctuations over time, caused by the inaccuracies inherent to the sensors (21, 22, 27A, 27B, 27C), the level monitor calculates the moving average of the Level Standardized in a user-adjustable time window. The result obtained is called Average Standardized Level. The level monitor allows the user to program lower and upper limit values for the Average Standard Level. If the Average Standard Level is less than the lower limit, the level monitor generates a low oil level alarm. [031] Similarly, if the Average Standard Level is greater than the upper limit, the level monitor generates a high oil level alarm. The generated alarms can trigger one or more electrical alarm contacts (26), according to the selection of contacts (26) previously programmed by the user for each of the individual alarms.
    [032] Being one of the main purposes of a level monitoring system to detect the loss of oil by leakage into the environment, and considering that leaks with small oil flow can persist for a long time before any of the alarm limits described above are reached, the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the evolution trends per time unit of the Level Error, Medium Level Error, Standardized Level and Average Standardized parameters. From the calculated evolution trends, and assuming that they remain constant, the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the number of days remaining for each of these parameters to reach its own lower limit. The level monitor allows the user to program a lower limit value, in days, for the calculated number of days remaining. If any of them is less than or equal to the programmed limit value, the level monitor (24A, 24B) generates an alarm due to a tendency to reduce the oil level, which causes the activation of one or more electrical contacts (26) according to the selection of contacts (26) previously programmed by the user for each of the alarms individually.
    [033] To allow remote indication, in the installation control room or in SCADA-type supervisory systems, of the information of Oil Level, Level Error, Medium Level Error, Standardized Level and Medium Standardized Level, as well as the
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 18/31
    11/12 trends of evolution of these same parameters, the level monitor (24A, 24B) has analog outputs (26A). Analog outputs (26A) can adopt a current output standard, for example, 0 to 1 mA; 0 to 5mA; 4 to 20mA or others, or with standard voltage output, for example 0 to 1V; 0 to 5V; 0 to 10V or others. The start and end values of the analog outputs (26A) can be programmed by the user, according to the variable being indicated by the output; for example, if the output is of type 4 to 20mA and is indicating oil level, the start of scale may correspond to a level of 0%, generating a signal of 4mA at the output, and the end of scale may correspond to a level of 100% , generating a 20mA signal at the output.
    [034] In certain situations, it may be necessary for the oil level measurement and indication to be available without the auxiliary supply voltage (40) being available for the level monitor (24A, 24B). This is the case, for example, during the process of filling the transformer with oil, when the electrical connections that would supply power to the level monitor (24A, 24B) are not yet available. To allow operation in this situation, as shown in figure 4, the level monitor (24A) is equipped with an energy accumulator device (33), which can be a battery, a supercapacitor or another, with sufficient charge to allow the operation the pressure (21) and temperature (22) sensors, as well as the reading circuits of these sensors (34), the microcontroller (35) and the display (25). To maximize the duration of the energy accumulated in the accumulator device (33), the level monitor (24A) normally remains off and out of operation.
    [035] Whenever a level measurement is required, the user can request it by pressing the button (36) on the level monitor (24A). When the button (36) is activated, it triggers a timer circuit (37), which sends power to the sensors (21, 22), the reading circuit (34), the microcontroller (35) and the display (25) just long enough for the reading to be made by the user, automatically turning off these same elements after a few seconds. The accumulator (33) is dimensioned in such a way that its energy is sufficient for a large number of readings, for a sufficient time so that the auxiliary power is brought through the cables to the level monitor (24A).
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    12/12 [036] There are applications, however, in which the level monitor is installed out of reach of the user posted at ground level, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in which the level monitor (24B, 24C) is near the expansion tank (4) or integrated with the gas relay (32). As shown in figure 4, for these applications the activation button (36A) can be installed separately from the level monitor (24A), so that it can be reached by the user at ground level.
    [037] Alternatively, the level monitor (24A) can be equipped with a provision for remote and non-contact activation, which consists of a photodetector (38) installed pointing towards the ground, so that when excited by a beam of light sent by the user, through a hand torch, for example, sends an electrical signal to the timer circuit (37), which from then on operates in the same way as the button (36). To avoid undue activation, a light filter (39) is installed in front of the photodetector (38), in order to allow the photodetector (38) to be reached only by light of a predetermined wavelength, such as infrared, for example, blocking the passage of other wavelengths.
    [038] Other remote and contactless drive systems can be used to replace the photodetector (38), such as, for example, audible or inaudible sounds, radio frequency waves, laser beams, visible or invisible light or others, that will operate in a similar way, allowing the sending of a user request remotely.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    1) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS”, characterized by an oil level monitor (24A, 24B) to which connect a pressure sensor (21), installed in an access opening (20) at the bottom of the expansion tank (4) to measure the pressure of the internal oil column (6), and a temperature sensor (22) , arranged to measure the oil temperature (6) inside the tank (4); the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the height of the oil column, which corresponds to the oil level, from the oil pressure and taking into account the change in oil density with temperature, obtaining accurately and indicating in the display (25) the oil level (6).
    [2]
    2) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS”, according to claim 1 characterized by level monitor (24A, 24B ) present the oil level information on a display (25), both in numerical form and in the form of bar graphs, in order to allow easy viewing from a distance.
    [3]
    3) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND DETECTION OF LEAKS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS”, according to claim 1 characterized by the installation of the pressure sensor ( 21) and the temperature sensor (22) can be carried out inside the gas relay (32), in contact with the oil (6), allowing the integration of the functions of the oil level monitor in the same system ( 24C) and the gas relay (32).
    [4]
    4) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH BUSHINGS
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    2/7
    VOLTAGE AND CONGENERES ”, according to claims 1 and 3, characterized by allowing to choose to use the level monitor (24A) inside the control panel (19) of the transformer, or to choose to use the level monitor (24B) in expansion tank (4), adjacent to the pressure (21) and temperature (22) sensors, forming a mechanical unit with them, or choose to use the level monitor (24C) integrated with the gas relay (32).
    [5]
    5) "SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND DETECTION OF LEAKS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS", according to claims 1 and 4 characterized by oil level monitor (24A, 24B) have inputs for connection of several temperature sensors (27A, 27B, 27C) distributed along the height of the tank (1) of the transformer and with these temperature measurements calculate the temperature distribution over the entire tank (1) the transformer by interpolation and / or extrapolation; with the distribution of temperatures along the tank (1), the level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the expansion or contraction of the oil (6) along the tank (1), obtaining the expected oil level as a result in the expansion tank (4).
    [6]
    6) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS”, according to claim 5 characterized by the expected oil level , the oil level monitor (24A, 24B) calculates the Level Error by the difference between the actual oil level and the expected oil level.
    [7]
    7) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND DETECTION OF LEAKS IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 5 and 6 characterized by oil level monitor ( 24A, 24B) perform the Average Level Error calculation using the Level Error moving average in a user-adjustable time window.
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    3/7
    [8]
    8) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claim 5 characterized by oil level monitor (24A, 24B) allow the installation of only two oil temperature sensors at different heights of the tank (1), then calculating the temperatures at the intermediate heights between the sensors by interpolation and calculating the temperatures above the upper sensor (27A) and below the lower sensor (27C) by extrapolation.
    [9]
    9) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 5 and 8 characterized by oil level monitor ( 24A, 24B) allow the installation of only one temperature sensor (27A) on top of the oil in the tank (1) of the transformer and calculate the temperature in the bottom of the tank (1) from the available sensor temperature measurement (27A ), the current flowing through the transformer, measured through a current transformer (31), and the characteristics of the radiators (28) of the transformer's cooling system, thus obtaining a virtual temperature sensor (27V) at the bottom the tank (1); with the information from the real (27A) and virtual (27V) temperature sensors the mathematical interpolation processes already described are used to interpolate and extrapolate temperatures along the height of the tank (1).
    [10]
    10) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claim 9 characterized by an oil level monitor (24A, 24B) can be integrated with the temperature monitor (29) to use the information from the same oil temperature sensor (27A) at the top of the tank (1) and the same current transformer (31), allowing the integration, in a
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    4/7 same monitoring system (30), the functions of the oil level monitor (24A) and the transformer temperature monitor (29).
    [11]
    11) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claim 5 characterized by an oil level monitor (24A, 24B) calculate continuously, from the temperature distribution along the height of the tank (1), the Standardized Level, which corresponds to the oil level that would occur in the expansion tank (4) if the oil was at a uniform temperature and equal to the user-programmed reference temperature.
    [12]
    12) "SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS" according to claim 11 characterized by the oil level monitor (24A , 24B) carry out the calculation of the Average Standardized Level using the Standardized Level moving average in an adjustable time window, generating a low oil level alarm if the Average Standardized Level is lower than the programmed lower limit or high oil level alarm if the Average Standardized Level is greater than the programmed upper limit.
    [13]
    13) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 5, 6, 11 and 12 characterized by the monitor oil level (24A, 24B) calculate the evolution trends per time unit of the Level Error, Average Level Error, Standardized Level and Average Standardized parameters, and from these evolution trends calculate the number of days remaining so that each of these parameters reaches its own lower limit; the level monitor (24A, 24B) allows the programming of a lower limit, in days, for the number of days remaining calculated by the evolution trends, generating an alarm by trend of
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    5/7 reduction in oil level if any of the remaining day calculations is less than or equal to the minimum limit.
    [14]
    14) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 1, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13 characterized by the oil level monitor (24A, 24B) allowing to select which electrical contacts (26) should be activated when low oil level, high oil level or oil level reduction tendencies occur, being this programming performed individually for each of the listed alarms.
    [15]
    15) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 1, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13 characterized by the oil level monitor (24A, 24B) allowing to select which parameters, among the options Oil Level, Level Error, Average Level Error, Standardized Level and Average Standardized Level, as well as the evolution trends of these same parameters, will be indicated by each of the analog outputs (26A); by the oil level monitor (24A, 24B) it is possible to program the start and end values of the analog outputs (26A), according to the parameter being indicated by the output.
    [16]
    16) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claim 1 characterized by the oil level monitor (24A , 24B) be equipped with an energy storage device (33), which can be a battery, a supercapacitor or other, with sufficient charge to allow the operation of the pressure (21) and temperature (22) sensors, as well as the circuits reading of these sensors (34), the microcontroller (35) and the display (25), allowing the measurement and indication of oil level to be
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 25/31
    6/7 available when the level monitor (24A, 24B) is without auxiliary supply voltage (40).
    [17]
    17) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claim 16 characterized by the level monitor (24A) remaining normally off and out of operation to maximize the duration of the energy accumulated in the accumulator device (33), the user can request a level measurement whenever necessary by pressing the button (36) on the level monitor (24A); upon pressing the button (36) it triggers a timer circuit (37), which sends power to the sensors (21, 22), the reading circuit (34), the microcontroller (35) and the display (25) just long enough for the reading to be made by the user, automatically turning off these same elements after a few seconds; the accumulator (33) is dimensioned so that its energy is sufficient for a large number of readings from the level monitor (24A).
    [18]
    18) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 16 and 17 characterized by the actuation button (36A ) can be installed separately from the level monitor (24A), where it can be reached by the user at ground level.
    [19]
    19) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 16 and 17 characterized by the level monitor (24A ) have a photodetector (38) that points towards the ground, so that when excited by a light beam sent by the user, it sends an electrical signal to the timer circuit (37), which from then on operates in an identical way to the activation by the button (36), allowing remote and non-contact activation.
    Petition 870190066642, of 7/15/2019, p. 26/31
    7/7
    [20]
    20) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 16, 17 and 19 characterized by a light filter (39) be installed in front of the photodetector (38), in order to allow the photodetector (38) to be reached only by light of a predetermined wavelength and blocking the passage of other wavelengths, avoiding activation of the timer (37).
    [21]
    21) “SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OIL LEVEL AND LEAK DETECTION IN POWER TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS, HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS AND CONGENIENTS” according to claims 16, 17, 19 and 20 characterized by allowing the use of other remote and contactless drive systems to replace the photodetector (38), including audible or inaudible sounds, radio frequency waves, laser beams, visible or invisible light, among others, which will operate in a similar way, allowing sending a user request remotely.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2011079357A1|2011-07-07|
    EP2519957A1|2012-11-07|
    ES2643467T3|2017-11-23|
    US20110156918A1|2011-06-30|
    EP2519957B1|2017-07-26|
    US8400320B2|2013-03-19|
    EP2519957A4|2015-06-03|
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    法律状态:
    2017-10-10| B08F| Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|
    2017-11-14| B08G| Application fees: restoration [chapter 8.7 patent gazette]|
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-05-14| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2020-01-21| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-04| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 20/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/649,741|US8400320B2|2009-12-30|2009-12-30|System for monitoring oil level and detecting leaks in power transformers, reactors, current and potential transformers, high voltage bushings and the like|
    PCT/BR2010/000422|WO2011079357A1|2009-12-30|2010-12-20|System for monitoring oil level and detecting leaks in power transformers, reactors, current and potential transformers, high voltage bushings and similar.|
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